CHAPTER 15 KINETIC THEORY

15-1 Molecules in Motion
Kinetic theory has 3 parts:
	all matter is made of small particles
	the particles of matter are in constant motion
	all collisions are perfectly elastic
mean free path- is the average distance a molecule travels
	between collisions with other molecules
at 25C(room temp) oxygen travels at 1700km/hr in straight
	lines and has 4.5 billion collisions/sec

15-2 Pressure (P =  PRESSURE)
force of collisions between the walls of a container gives
	a gas its pressure(temp and # molecules will increase P)
P measured in pascals(Pa)     1Pa=1N/mm (1N=1kg m/ss
standard pressure is 101.325 kPa(sea level)=760mm Hg  
	1kPa=7.5mm Hg
	
15-3 Measuring Pressure
a manometer is used to measure P
barometers are closed arm manometers and measure atmospheric P

15-4 Kinetic Energy(KE)  and Temperature(T =   TEMPERATURE)
T is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles
of an object
absolute zero = -273.15C=0 K / point where all molecular motion
	ceases
absolute T scale is called Kelvin(english equivalent is:  Rankine 0R=460+F)
KE=1/2mv2
excess KE of particles in a warm object are passed on to the 
	particles of a cooler object as they collide
heat is the amount of energy transferred form a warmer object to
	a cooler object. Heat is measured in joules(calories)

15-5 States of Matter
4 states are: solid, liquid, gas, plasma 
gas particles travel independently in straight-line paths
gases assume the shape and volume of their container
liquid particles appear to vibrate around moving points, but 
	actually travel in straight-line paths between collisions
liquids have a definite volume but assume the shape of their
	container
solid particles are arranged in a definite pattern/have a definite
    shape and volume
the physical state of a substance depends mostly on the bonding
	in the substance
3 types of molecular motion:
1. VIBRATIONAL - SOLIDS
2. ROTATIONAL- SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS
3. TRANSLATIONAL- SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, AND GASSES

15-6 Plasma(RARE STATE OF MATTER-EXAMPLE THE "SUN")
a plasma is composed of electrons and positive ions at very high
temperature/stars are in plasma state so is most of the universe
electric and magnetic fields affect the plasma state
the study of plasma is called magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)